ABSTRACT
Objective@#To establish a prediction model for 6-year incidence risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the elderly aged 65 years and older in China.@*Methods@#In this prospective cohort study, we used the data of 3 742 participants collected during 2008/2009-2014 and during 2012-2017/2018 from Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study, a sub-cohort of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. Two follow up surveys for renal function were successfully conducted for 1 055 participants without CKD in baseline survey. Lasso method was used for the selection of risk factors. The risk prediction model of CKD was established by using Cox proportional hazards regression models and visualized through nomogram tool. Bootstrap method (1 000 resample) was used for internal validation, and the performance of the model was assessed by C-index and calibration curve.@*Results@#The mean age of participants was (80.8±11.4) years. In 4 797 person years of follow up, CKD was found in 262 participants (24.8%). Age, BMI, sex, education level, marital status, having retirement pension or insurance, hypertension prevalence, blood uric acid, blood urea nitrogen and total cholesterol levels and estimated glomerular filtration rate in baseline survey were used in the model to predict the 6-year incidence risk of CKD in the elderly. The corrected C-index was 0.766, the calibration curve showed good consistence between predicted probability and observed probability in high risk group, but relatively poor consistence in low risk group.@*Conclusion@#The incidence risk prediction model of CKD established in this study has a good performance, and the nomogram can be used as visualization tool to predict the 6-year risk of CKD in the elderly aged 65 years and older in China.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the association between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and all-cause mortality in the elderly aged 65 years and older in longevity areas in China.@*Methods@#Data used in this study were obtained from Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study, a sub-cohort of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, 1 802 elderly adults were collected in the study during 2012-2017/2018. In this study, the elderly were classified into 4 groups, moderate-to-severe group [<45 ml·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1], mild-to-moderate group [45- ml·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1], mild group [60- ml·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1] and normal group [≥90 ml·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1] according to their eGFR levels.@*Results@#After 6 years of follow-up, 852 participants died, with a mortality rate of 47.3%. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the levels of eGFR were negatively correlated with all-cause mortality risk in the elderly (the HR of elderly was 0.993 and the 95%CI was 0.989-0.997 for every unit of eGFR increased, P=0.001), while compared with the group with normal eGFR, the HRs (95%CI) of the elderly in the moderate-to-severe group, mild-to-moderate group, and mild group were 1.690 (1.224-2.332, P=0.001), 1.312 (0.978-1.758, P=0.070), 1.349 (1.047-1.737, P=0.020) respectively [trend test P<0.001].@*Conclusion@#The decrease in eGFR was associated with higher mortality risk among the elderly in longevity areas in China.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To understand the relationship between visual impairment and risk of all-cause mortality in the elderly aged 65 years and older in 8 longevity areas in China.@*Methods@#The data of the elderly aged 65 years and older in the project in 2012 were obtained from Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study, a sub-cohort of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, including physical measurement and survival status, and a follow-up for survival outcomes were conducted in 2014 and 2017 respectively. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to analyze the influence of visual impairment on mortality. Gender and age specific analysis was conducted.@*Results@#A total of 1 736 elderly adults were included. A total of 943 deaths occurred during the 5-year follow-up period with a 5-year mortality rate of 54.3%. The 5-year mortality rate was 76.7% in the group with visual impairment, and 47.6% in the group without visual impairment (P<0.001). After adjusting for demographic information, life style and some disease factors, the risk of 5-year mortality in the group with visual impairment group was 1.30 times higher than that in the group without visual impairment (HR=1.30, 95%CI: 1.09-1.55). In the females, the risk for mortality in the group with visual impairment was 1.48 times higher than that in the group without visual impairment (HR=1.48, 95%CI:1.20-1.84). However, vision status was not associated with the risk for mortality in males (HR=1.02, 95%CI: 0.72-1.43). The risk for mortality in the group with visual impairment was 1.39 times higher than that in the group without visual impairment in the elderly aged over 90 years (HR=1.39, 95%CI: 1.13-1.70). Vision status was not associated with mortality risk in the elderly aged 65-79 years and 80-89 years (HR=1.37, 95%CI: 0.61-3.07; HR=0.95, 95%CI: 0.61-1.48).@*Conclusion@#In the elderly people in China, visual impairment is a risk factor for mortality.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To understand the current status of BMI of the elderly and related factors in longevity areas in China, and provide scientific evidence for the control of BMI level in elderly population.@*Methods@#Data used in this study were obtained from Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study, a sub-cohort of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. A total of 2 825 elderly in 8 longevity areas in China were surveyed and measured in 2017. The BMI levels of 2 217 elderly aged 65 years and older were calculated and in follow up. The ordered classification logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencd factors for the BMI in the elderly.@*Results@#The BMI of the elderly in 8 longevity areas in China was (22.36±3.87) kg/m2, and it was (22.76±3.58) kg/m2 for males and (21.75±3.98) kg/m2 for females. The BMI levels were normal in 1 165 elderly persons. The prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity were 15.8%, 24.0% and 7.7%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that the main factors affecting the BMI of people under 100- years old were age (65-: OR=2.78, 95%CI: 1.87-4.15; 80-: OR=1.47, 95%CI: 1.00-2.17), smoking status (OR=0.46, 95%CI: 0.32-0.66), annual household income (<30 000 Yuan: OR=1.26, 95%CI: 1.07-1.47; 30 000-70 000 Yuan: OR=1.52, 95%CI: 1.12-1.86), and frequency of tea intake(OR=1.36, 95%CI: 1.01-1.71), while the factor in people aged ≥100 years was gender (OR=3.68, 95%CI: 1.32-10.36).@*Conclusions@#The prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity were high in the elderly from longevity areas in China. It is necessary to pay attention to the trend of overweight and obesity due to smoking, higher annual household income and regular tea drinking in the elderly men.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To analyze influencing factors for depressive symptoms in the elderly aged 65 years and older in 8 longevity areas in China.@*Methods@#We recruited 2 180 participants aged 65 years and older in 8 longevity areas from Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study, a sub-cohort of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey in 2017. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationships of socio-demographic characteristics, behavioral lifestyle, chronic disease prevalence, functional status, family and social support with depressive symptoms in the elderly.@*Results@#The detection rate of depression symptoms was 15.0% in the elderly aged 65 years and older in 8 longevity areas of China, and the detection rate of depression symptoms was 11.5% in men and 18.5% in women. Multivariate logistic regression analysis results showed that the detection rate of depressive symptoms was lower in the elderly who had regular physical exercises (OR=0.44, 95%CI: 0.26-0.74), frequent fish intakes (OR=0.57, 95%CI: 0.39-0.83), recreational activities (OR=0.65, 95%CI: 0.44-0.96), social activities (OR=0.28, 95%CI: 0.11-0.73) and community services (OR=0.68, 95%CI: 0.50-0.93). The elderly who were lack of sleep (OR=2.04, 95%CI: 1.49-2.80), had visual impairment (OR=1.54, 95%CI: 1.08-2.18), had gastrointestinal ulcer (OR=2.97, 95%CI: 1.53-5.77), had arthritis (OR=2.63, 95%CI: 1.61-4.32), had higher family expenditure than income (OR=1.80, 95%CI: 1.17-2.78) and were in poor economic condition (OR=4.58, 95%CI: 2.48-8.47) had higher detection rate of depressive symptoms.@*Conclusion@#The status of doing physical exercise, fish intake in diet, social activity participation, sleep quality or vision, and the prevalence of gastrointestinal ulcers and arthritis were associated with the detection rate of depressive symptoms in the elderly.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the relationship of sleep duration and sleep quality with anxiety in the elderly aged 60 years and older in China.@*Methods@#The elderly aged 60 years and older were selected from the China Short-term Health Effects of Air Pollution Study conducted between July 18, 2017 and February 7, 2018. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the association of sleep duration and sleep quality with anxiety.@*Results@#A total of 3 897 elderly aged 60 years and older were included in the study. The age of the elderly was (73.4±8.0) years old. Among the elderly surveyed, 6.5% were defined with anxiety, and 18.7% reported poor sleep quality. Multivariate logistic regression models showed shorter sleep duration was the risk factor for anxiety in the elderly that after adjusting for factors such as general demographics, socioeconomic factors, lifestyle, health status, social support and ambient fine particulates exposure. Compared with the elderly with 7 hours of sleep duration daily, the OR (95%CI) of anxiety for those with sleep duration ≤ 6 hours was 2.09 (1.49-2.93). Compared with those with good sleep quality, the OR (95%CI) of anxiety for those with poor sleep quality was 5.12 (3.88-6.77). We also found statistically significant correlations of the scores of subscales of Pittsburgh sleep quality index with anxiety, in which the effects of sleep disturbance, subjective sleep quality and daytime dysfunction scores were most obvious, the ORs (95%CI) were 4.63 (3.55-6.04), 2.75 (2.33-3.23) and 2.50 (2.19-2.86), respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that the association of sleep duration and sleep quality with anxiety was more obvious in males and in those aged <80 years.@*Conclusion@#Shorter sleep duration and poor sleep quality are associated with anxiety in the elderly in China.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the association of ambient fine particulate matters (PM2.5) exposure with anxiety in middle-aged and elderly people in China.@*Methods@#Using a stratified random sampling method, 5 997 middle-aged and elderly people (aged 40-89) who resided in the region for more than 2 years and had no hearing or language impairment were selected from 32 districts/counties in the key areas for air pollution prevention and control in China from October 10th, 2017 to February 7th, 2018. Information about demographic characteristics, socioeconomic factors and health status were collected by questionnaire survey and physical examination. The anxiety symptoms were assessed by 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scales. Three-year moving average concentrations of PM2.5 were calculated to estimate exposure level. The multivariate logistic regression model was conducted to assess the association between PM2.5 exposure and anxiety. The interaction of age, gender, overweight, education, smoking, drinking and chronic diseases was also analyzed by likelihood ratio test.@*Results@#There were 2 995 (49.94%) males subjects, 4 092 (68.23%) subjects with education of secondary school or above and 2 576 (42.95%) subjects with self-reported chronic diseases among the 5 997 middle-aged and elder participants. The prevalence of anxiety was 6.64% (n=398). The mean±SD of 3-year moving average concentrations of PM2.5, O3 and SO2 were (53.50±13.38), (90.58±13.26) and (40.29±12.56) μg/m3, respectively. PM2.5 had significantly association with anxiety, and the corresponding OR value was 1.17 (95%CI: 1.05,1.31) with a 10 μg/m3 increment of 3-year moving average concentrations of PM2.5. Compared with female (OR (95%CI)=1.07 (0.93,1.23)), those with no chronic diseases (OR (95%CI)=1.06 (0.93,1.20)) and those with primary school degree or below (OR (95% CI)=0.90 (0.75,1.09)), the association between PM2.5 and anxiety was stronger among male (OR (95%CI)=1.35 (1.12,1.63)) and those with chronic diseases (OR (95%CI)=1.77 (1.31,2.38)), middle school education (OR (95%CI)=1.43 (1.22,1.67)), college education and above (OR (95%CI)=1.68 (1.05, 2.67)), all the P interaction values were <0.05.@*Conclusion@#PM2.5 exposure has significantly positive association with anxiety. The associations are stronger in male, people with higher educational qualifications and patients with chronic diseases.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the relationship of plasma albumin and hypersensitive C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) with 5-year all-cause mortality among Chinese older adults aged 65 and older.@*Method@#Data was collected in 8 longevity areas of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) study conducted by Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and Peking University at baseline survey in 2012 and 2014, the participants enrolled in 2012 was followed-up in 2014 and 2017, the participants enrolled in 2014 was followed-up in 2017 only. Finally, 3 118 older adults aged 65 and older with complete information on albumin, Hs-CRP and body mass index (BMI) were included in this study. Plasma samples of older adults were collected for the detection of albumin and Hs-CRP at baseline survey. Survival status and follow-up time was recorded for all participants. All older adults were divided into 4 groups according to the levels of plasma albumin and Hs-CRP, and Cox proportional hazard models were constructed to assess their influence on the risk of all-cause mortality.@*Results@#Among 3 118 older adults included, the prevalence of hypoalbuminemia was 10.1% (316/3 118), and was 22.8% (711/3 118) for elevated Hs-CRP. During 10 132 person-years of follow-up, 1 212 participants died. Participants with hypoalbuminemia had increased risk of all-cause mortality, with an hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidential interval (CI) of 1.18 (1.01-1.38), compared to participants with normal plasma albuminemia; participants with elevated Hs-CRP had increased risk of all-cause mortality, with an HR (95%CI) of 1.18 (1.04-1.35), compared to participants with normal plasma Hs-CRP. Participants with normal plasma albumin and elevated Hs-CRP, with hypoalbuminemia and normal Hs-CRP, with hypoalbuminemia and elevated Hs-CRP also had increased risk of all-cause mortality when compared to those with normal plasma albumin and normal Hs-CRP, the HR (95%CI) were 1.16 (1.01-1.34), 1.11 (0.91-1.37) and 1.43 (1.11-1.83), respectively.@*Conclusion@#Hypoalbuminemia and elevated Hs-CRP were responsible for increased risk of 5-year all-cause mortality among Chinese older adults from 8 longevity areas.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the influence factors of survival outcome among elderly aged ≥80 years old.@*Methods@#In baseline survey in 2009, 930 participants aged ≥80 years old were enrolled from 7 longevity areas, to collect the information of socioeconomic factors, life style, cognitive function, activities of daily living and diseases, as well as physical examination to test biomarkers of blood and urine. The survival status was followed up at 2012 and 2014 survey. Stepwise Cox proportional hazards models were used to screen influence factors of 5-year survival.@*Results@#During 5 years of follow-up, 571 participants died, 133 participants were lost to follow up, and the all-cause mortality was 63.4%. In stepwise Cox proportional hazards models, male, unmarried, self-reported poor life quality, disability in daily life, cognitive impairment, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, chronic kidney diseases were risk factors for elderly survival outcome, with the HR (95%CI) at 1.75 (1.40-2.12), 1.49 (1.10-2.03), 1.40 (1.16-1.69), 1.37 (1.11-1.70), 1.51 (1.22-1.88), 1.62 (1.18-2.23) and 1.48 (1.23-1.77) respectively. Each 1 year increase in age corresponded to 4% increase in mortality risk (HR (95%CI)=1.04 (1.02-1.05)); each 1 kg/m2 increase in BMI corresponded to 5% increase in mortality risk (HR (95%CI)=0.95 (0.93-0.98)); each 1.0×109/L increase in total lymphocyte count (TLC) corresponded to 13% increase in mortality risk (HR (95%CI)=0.87 (0.76-0.99)). Additionally, the mortality risk decreased 19% (HR (95%CI)=0.81 (0.66-0.98)) in participants with regularly physical exercise compared to those without; and the mortality risk decreased 41% (HR (95% CI)=0.59 (0.40-0.88)) in participants with elevated triglycerides (TG, ≥2.26 mmol/L) compared to those without.@*Conclusion@#In Chinese longevity areas, some nutritional and immune indices such as relatively higher level of BMI, TLC and TG were independent protective factors for 5-year survival outcome, which was different from general adults and younger elderly.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To explore the relationship between successful aging (SA) index and the survival status among elderly from longevity areas of China.@*Methods@#A total of 2 296 old people aged ≥65 years old from 8 longevity areas were enrolled in our baseline survey in 2012. The information of demographics characteristic, life style, self-assessed health and mood or emotional state, cognitive function, abilities of daily living and physical activity were collected by questionnaire. There were 891 SA people in total, whose SA score was 4-5. 891 SA and 1 396 non-SA participated in the follow-up study in 2014. Finally, 860 SA and non-SA people were matched by orientation analysis. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to explore the relationship between successful aging index and survival status.@*Results@#After 2 years of follow-up, a total of 1 442 elderly survived, with an average baseline age at (83.69±10.81) years old and 278 elderly people died, with an average baseline age at (93.41±9.05) years old. The mortality rate was 16.16% (278/1 720) in total, and it was 13.14% (113/860) in SA group, which was lower than it in non-SA group (19.19%, 165/860), and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.001). The analysis of the multivariate Cox regression showed that SA was the protective factor of the survival of the elderly after age and sex adjusted. Compared to the non-SA group, the risk of mortality rate in SA group decreased by 38%, the HR (95% CI) was 0.62 (0.49-0.79).@*Conclusion@#The mortality rate in the SA group was low in the longevity areas in China; compared with non-SA group, the death rate in SA group reduced by 38%.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To discuss the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and cognitive impairment among elderly adults aged ≥65 years old from longevity areas of China.@*Methods@#A total of 2 439 elderly adults from 8 longevity areas were included in our baseline survey by answering questionnaire and taking body measurements and blood biochemical examinations in 2012. In the follow-up study in 2014, we studied the cognitive impairment status among the 1 135 elderly adults aging ≥65 years old. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between BMI and cognitive impairment risk.@*Results@#113 participants were defined as cognitive impairment, with a positive rate at 10.0%. The positive rate in group of underweight, normal weight, and overweight and obese elderly were 22.2% (51/230), 7.5% (47/629), 5.4% (15/276). The rate of cognitive impairment in groups of low BMI (<19.7 kg/m2), middle BMI (19.7-23.1 kg/m2) and high BMI (>23.1 kg/m2) were separately 17.7% (66/372), 7.1% (27/379) and 5.2% (20/384) (P<0.001). Every 1.0 kg/m2 increase in BMI, the risk of cognitive impairment would significantly decreased by 7% (RR(95%CI): 0.93(0.87-0.99)). Compared with participants with middle BMI level, the group of low BMI participants was associated with a significantly increased risk of cognitive impairment (RR (95% CI): 1.98(1.14-3.44)); while there was no significant association was observed in the high BMI group (RR(95%CI): 1.15(0.57-2.32)). Compared with elderly in normal weight, the elderly with under weight was in higher risk of cognitive impairment (RR (95%CI: 2.19(1.31-3.66)) and there was no significant association found between the elderly with overweight (RR(95%CI): 1.18(0.58-2.38)).@*Conclusion@#Among the elderly ≥65 years old from longevity area, low BMI level and underweight were associated with the increased risk of cognitive impairment.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To explore the association between biomarkers and activities of daily living (ADL) in the elderly over 65 years old from longevity areas in China.@*Methods@#A total of 2 439 people from 8 longevity areas were included in our baseline survey in 2012. Using questionnaires, body measurements, and blood biochemical examinations, information on demographics characteristic, life style, ADL, blood pressure and biomarkers were collected. Based on these six items of ADL (bathing, dressing, indoor activities, toileting, eating, bowel and bladder control), we constructed a dichotomous indicator for ADL. A respondent was defined as ADL disabled if any difficulty in one or more of the above six activities was reported. Information were collected in the follow-up in 2014 using the same questionnaires and examinations. We excluded information on the elderly who lacked ADL or biomarkers test results or with ADL disability at baseline study. Finally 938 elderly people over 65 years old were included in this analysis. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the influence factors of ADL disability.@*Results@#During the 2-year follow-up, 100 (10.7%) participants developed into ADL disability, with a rate at 10.7%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that each year increase in age or each 1 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP) would cause the risk of ADL disability to increase 9% or 1%, whose OR (95%CI) were separately 1.09 (1.06-1.12), 1.01 (1.00-1.02). Han nationality or cognitive impairment increased the risk of ADL disability, whose OR (95%CI) values were separately 4.90 (1.13-21.24), 2.47 (1.44-4.25), while increased lymphocyte count (>1.60×109/L), being married, or participating in recreational activities decreased the risk of ADL disability, whose OR (95%CI) values were separately 0.51 (0.31-0.82), 0.52 (0.28-0.96), 0.43 (0.23-0.80).@*Conclusion@#In the elderly elevated lymphocyte count was associated with lower risk of ADL disability. In addition, incresed age, increased SBP, unmarried, Han nationality or cognitive impairment were associated with the increasing risk of ADL disability in older people, while participating in recreational activities would reduce the risk.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To assess the status of handgrip strength of elderly population from longevity areas in China, and to analyze the correlative factors of handgrip strength of elderly people.@*Methods@#Data from Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) in 2012 was used, from which1 967 participants aged ≥60 years old with valid data of grip strength value from 8 Chinese longevity areas were included. Information on demographics characteristic, life style and health status was collected using questionnaires. The handgrip strength of both left and right hands were measured by grip dynamometer. The different characteristics of group of participants with different grip strength were compared and then analyzed by adopting the Cumulative odds Logistic regression model to identify main factors associated with hand grip strength.@*Results@#The P50 (P25-P50) of hand grip strength of elderly people from the eight longevity areas was 20 (11-28) kg; The hand grip strength of males was 26 (18-34) kg, which was higher than that of females(14 (9-20) kg) (P<0.001). Cumulative odds Logistic regression model showed that the hand grip strength of females was lower than males, whose β value (95%CI) was-1.22 (-1.43--1.00). The elderly who was at a higher age, smoking, drinking or with anemia, had a comparatively lower handgrip strength, whose β (95%CI) value were separately-0.08(-0.09~-0.07),-0.29(-0.56~-0.02),-0.54(-0.80~-0.28), and-0.41(-0.62~-0.20). And the elderly who had a higher boby mass index, drinking tea and outdoor activities, had a comparatively higher handgrip strength, whose β(95%CI) value were separately 0.28 (0.15-0.40), 0.25(0.03-0.47) and 0.51(0.30-0.71).@*Conclusion@#Age and gender were the main correlative factors, lifestyles and physical conditions might also be correlative factors of hand grip strength of the elderly from longevity areas in China.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore association between serum albumin level and cognitive performance in elderly Chinese.Methods All the subjects aged ≥65 years in the 8 longevity areas in Chinese longitudinal health longevity survey (CLHLS) were invited to participate the biomedical in-depth CLHLS study,information about subjects' demographic characteristics,lifestyle,prevalence of diseases and health status was collected through household-interview.The cognitive performance was assessed with Mini Mental State Evaluation (MMSE) scale.Health examination was conducted by medical personnel and fasting venous blood samples were collected to detect the levels of triglycerides,total cholesterol,fasting glucose,creatine and blood albumin.MMSE score was compared and the trend was analyzed with generalized linear model.Association between albumin concentration and cognitive impairment was analyzed by logistic regression model.Results Generalized linear model showed that adjusted MMSE score increased from 23.22 in the lowest quartile group to 25.07 in the highest quartile group (P for linear trend ＜0.001).Logistic regression analysis results showed that the higher albumin level was associated with the lower risk of cognitive impairment (P＜ 0.001),the OR decreased linearly with the increasing level of albumin (P＜0.01),with the OR (95％CI) for the lower,higher and highest quartile groups was 0.64(0.45-0.91),0.60(0.40-0.89) and 0.43 (0.27-0.69),respectively,compared with the lowest quartile group.Conclusion High level of serum albumin was associated with low risk of cognitive impairment.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore association between serum albumin level and cognitive performance in elderly Chinese.Methods All the subjects aged ≥65 years in the 8 longevity areas in Chinese longitudinal health longevity survey (CLHLS) were invited to participate the biomedical in-depth CLHLS study,information about subjects' demographic characteristics,lifestyle,prevalence of diseases and health status was collected through household-interview.The cognitive performance was assessed with Mini Mental State Evaluation (MMSE) scale.Health examination was conducted by medical personnel and fasting venous blood samples were collected to detect the levels of triglycerides,total cholesterol,fasting glucose,creatine and blood albumin.MMSE score was compared and the trend was analyzed with generalized linear model.Association between albumin concentration and cognitive impairment was analyzed by logistic regression model.Results Generalized linear model showed that adjusted MMSE score increased from 23.22 in the lowest quartile group to 25.07 in the highest quartile group (P for linear trend ＜0.001).Logistic regression analysis results showed that the higher albumin level was associated with the lower risk of cognitive impairment (P＜ 0.001),the OR decreased linearly with the increasing level of albumin (P＜0.01),with the OR (95％CI) for the lower,higher and highest quartile groups was 0.64(0.45-0.91),0.60(0.40-0.89) and 0.43 (0.27-0.69),respectively,compared with the lowest quartile group.Conclusion High level of serum albumin was associated with low risk of cognitive impairment.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the association between anemia and 3-year all-cause mortality among the oldest old people in longevity areas in China. Methods In August 2012, questionnaire survey,health examination and blood test were conducted among 929 old people aged≥80 years in 7 longevity areas in China,who were included in Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS)2009. Cox regression model was used to evaluate the association between anemia or different hemoglobin levels and mortality. Results Among the 929 subjects,the prevalence of anemia was 49.6%,the main form of anemia was normocytic anemia. During the three year follow-up period,a total of 447 subjects died,the overall mortality was 49.8%(56.0%in subjects with anemia and 43.3% in subjects without anemia). Compared with the subjects without anemia,the mortality risk increased by 25% in the subjects with anemia after adjusting confounding factors(HR=1.25, 95%CI:1.03-1.52). Macrocytic anemia,simplex microcytic anemia and microcytic hypochromic anemia were all associated with the increased mortality in the oldest old people. Compared with the subjects with low hemoglobin concentration,the subjects with high hemoglobin concentration had a lower mortality risk,and the association was more obvious in women. Conclusion Anemia and low hemoglobin concentration were associated with higher mortality risk in the oldest old people in China, indicating the importance of anemia prevention and treatment among this population.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the association between anemia and 3-year all-cause mortality among the oldest old people in longevity areas in China. Methods In August 2012, questionnaire survey,health examination and blood test were conducted among 929 old people aged≥80 years in 7 longevity areas in China,who were included in Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS)2009. Cox regression model was used to evaluate the association between anemia or different hemoglobin levels and mortality. Results Among the 929 subjects,the prevalence of anemia was 49.6%,the main form of anemia was normocytic anemia. During the three year follow-up period,a total of 447 subjects died,the overall mortality was 49.8%(56.0%in subjects with anemia and 43.3% in subjects without anemia). Compared with the subjects without anemia,the mortality risk increased by 25% in the subjects with anemia after adjusting confounding factors(HR=1.25, 95%CI:1.03-1.52). Macrocytic anemia,simplex microcytic anemia and microcytic hypochromic anemia were all associated with the increased mortality in the oldest old people. Compared with the subjects with low hemoglobin concentration,the subjects with high hemoglobin concentration had a lower mortality risk,and the association was more obvious in women. Conclusion Anemia and low hemoglobin concentration were associated with higher mortality risk in the oldest old people in China, indicating the importance of anemia prevention and treatment among this population.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the association between anemia and 3-year all-cause mortality among the oldest old people in longevity areas in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In August 2012, questionnaire survey, health examination and blood test were conducted among 929 old people aged ≥ 80 years in 7 longevity areas in China, who were included in Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) 2009. Cox regression model was used to evaluate the association between anemia or different hemoglobin levels and mortality.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 929 subjects, the prevalence of anemia was 49.6%, the main form of anemia was normocytic anemia. During the three year follow-up period, a total of 447 subjects died, the overall mortality was 49.8% (56.0% in subjects with anemia and 43.3% in subjects without anemia). Compared with the subjects without anemia, the mortality risk increased by 25% in the subjects with anemia after adjusting confounding factors (HR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.03-1.52). Macrocytic anemia, simplex microcytic anemia and microcytic hypochromic anemia were all associated with the increased mortality in the oldest old people. Compared with the subjects with low hemoglobin concentration, the subjects with high hemoglobin concentration had a lower mortality risk, and the association was more obvious in women.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Anemia and low hemoglobin concentration were associated with higher mortality risk in the oldest old people in China, indicating the importance of anemia prevention and treatment among this population.</p>
Subject(s)
Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Anemia , Epidemiology , Anemia, Hypochromic , Epidemiology , Cause of Death , China , Epidemiology , Longevity , Longitudinal Studies , Prevalence , Risk , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the status and trend of direct economic burden on cerebrovascular disease,from 1993 to 2008 in China.Methods Using two-step model to calculate the economic cost with related trend of cerebrovascular disease within the population among the over 30-year-olds,from 1993 to 2008.Data was gathered from the National Health Service Surveys Analysis Reports of 1993,1998,2003 and 2008,that including both direct outpatient and inpatient cost.Results There appeared a significant increase on the burden of cerebrovascular diseases in the period of 15 years,with direct economic cost increasing from 8.473 billion to 103.125 billion RMB.In fact,the actual increase was 5.3 times,without the influence of the price.The average annual growth rate was 13.1％,exceeding the rate of total expenditure on health and GDP during the same time span.In addition,the growth rate in 2003-2008 was the fastest,which appeared to be 19.8％.Conclusion Burden that caused by cerebrovascular disease on individuals and the whole society was heavy which warrented further theoratical and practical studies on it.